Observed risk for non-compliance with hand
hygiene
Doctor status (rather than a nurse)
Nursing assistant status (rather than a nurse)
Male sex
Working in an intensive care unit
Working during the week (vs week-end)
Wearing gowns/gloves
Automated sink
Activities with high risk of cross-transmission
High number of opportunities for hand hygiene per hour of patient care
Self-reported factors for poor adherence with hand hygiene
Hand washing agents cause imitation and dryness
Sinks are inconveniently located/shortage of sinks
Lack of soap, paper , towel , & c
Often too busy/insufficient time
Understaffing/overcrowding
Patient needs take priority
Hand hygiene interferes with HCW-patient relation
Low risk of acquiring infection from patients
Wearing of gloves/beliefs that glove use dispenses from hand hygiene
Lack of knowledge of guidelines/protocols
Not thinking avout it/ forgetfulness
No role model from colleagues or superior(S)
Scepticism
Disagreement with the recommendations
Lack of scientific information on definitive impact iof improve hand
hygiene
On nosocomial rates
Additional perceived barriers to appropriate hand hygiene
Lack of active participation for hand-hygiene promotion at individual
or institutional level
Lack of role model for hand hygiene
Lack of institutional priority for hand hygiene
Lack of administrative sanction of non-complier(S)/ rewarding of
compliers
Lack of institutional safety climate | 
