Antiviral agent
پروفسور محمد حسین سلطان زاده
استاد دانشگاه
علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی
متخصص کودکان
ونوزادان
History&
Background
•
The age of modern
antiviral therapy began in the early 1950
•
When Methisazone
was found have activity against vaccinia & variola virus
•
In 1959 the 1st
anti herpes compound :
•
Idoxuridine was
synthesized
•
In 1962 it was
approved for the topical treatment of herpetic keratitis
•
In 1964 the 1st
description of Vidarabine against HSV
•
In 1966 Amantadine
was shown against Influenza virus
•
in 1968 Amantadine
was approved for prophylaxis & treatment of Influenza A
•
In 1972 Vidarabine
was approved for the treatment of Herpes Encephalitis
•
The year 1972, 1st
description of Ribavirin as a broad-spectrum anti viral agent
against both DNA & RNA virus
•
In 1985
the aerosolized form of the drug was approved for treatment RSV
Bronchiolitis
•
In 1972
Acyclovir was reported to be a
potent & selective inhibitor of both HSV & VZV
•
In 1990
: Cidofovir , Zanamivir , Oseltamivir which treat both influenza A &
B viruses
Antiviral agents active against RNA viruses
•
Influenza
viruses : Influenza
syndrome
•
Para enfluenza
viruses : laryngotracheobronchitis , pneumonitis
•
RSV :
Bronchiolits, Pneumonitis
•
Measles viruses
: Measles syndrom, Encephalitis, Pneumonitis
Antiviral agents active against RNA viruses
•
Enteroviruses:
Aseptic meningitis , meningoencephalitis ,Myocarditis , Neonatal
disease
•
Arenavirus:
Lassa fever
•
Hepatits C
virus : Active & chronic hepatitis
Antivirus agents active against RNA viruses
•
Amantadine &
Rimantadine:
•
Against Influenza
A& Rimantadine 4-10 times more active
•
Amantadine Against
Rubella virus
•
Against Influ.B&
Parainfluenza
•
Against HCV
•
2/2-4/4 mg /kg/dose
po bid
Antiviral agents active against RNA viruses
•
Zanamivir &
Oseltamivir:
•
Effective in
treating both Inf. A&B
•
Both effective for
the prophylaxis of inf. A&B in both adults & children
•
Oseltamivir
2mg/kg/dose po bid
•
Zanamivir 5 mg
/dose inhaled bid
•
Ribavirin :can
be administered topically by aerosol , orally , IV
•
Ribavirin aerosol is
licensed for the treatment of RSV bronchiolitis & pneumonia in
children
•
6mg /dose /300 ml inhaled
daily
•
HVC 600 mg po bid with
interferon
•
Pleconaril :
currently is not licensed for therapeutic use
•
Has shown efficacy
in early clinical trial against Picornaviruses in adults & children
& neonates
•
5- 5/7 mg/kg of
the oral solution every 8-12 hr for 7 days
Antiviral agents active against DNA viruses
•
HSV
•
VZV
•
CMV
•
EBV
•
Adenovirus
•
HBV
•
Variola virus
•
Papilomaviruses
Antiviral agents active against DNA viruses
•
Acyclovir: HSV
•
Valacyclovir : HSV
•
Famiciclovir : HSV
•
Ganciclovir : CMV
•
Valganciclovir :
CMV
•
Foscarnet : CMV
•
Cidofovir : CMV
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